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push-pull factors
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events that pushed away or attracted people
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Pacific Railway Acts
|
government gave land grants for transcontinental railroad
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Morrill Land-Grant Act
|
gave governments land to raise money for A&M colleges
|
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land speculators
|
bought large areas of land for profit
|
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Homestead Act
|
government gave 160 acres to one if he met certain conditions
|
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Exodusters
|
southern blacks fleeing from violence and exploitation; led by
Benjamin "Pap" Singleton
|
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Great Plains
|
grassland between Mississippi River and Rocky Mountains
|
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buffalo
|
provided supplies to Plains Indians
|
| nomad |
Indians who followed available food sources
|
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Railroads & Gold Rush
|
intruded the lives of the Plains Indians between 1840s and 1860s
|
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reservations
|
lands set aside for Indians
|
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Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA)
|
delivered supplies to reservations
|
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Sand Creek Massacre
|
John Chivington attacked Black Kettle and the Cheyenne and Arapaho
Indians
|
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Battle of Little Bighorn
|
Sioux killed George Custer and more than 200 American soldiers
|
| Ghost Dance |
Wovoka promised the Indians' lives back if they peformed this ritual
|
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Massacre at Wounded Knee
|
Last major battle where soldiers killed more than 200 unarmed Sioux
|
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A Century of Dishonor
|
Book by Helen Hunt Jackson protesting the cruelty to the Indians
|
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assimilation
|
the Indians adopt the white man's culture
|
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Dawes Act
|
each Indian family headed by a man received 160 acres
|
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boomers
|
settlers who came into Indian Territory to stake claims in land
|
|
sooners
|
People who sneaked into Indian Territory, before it was opened, to
stake claims
|
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Gold & Silver
|
brought prospectors to Colorado, Nevada, and South Dakota
|
|
placer mining
|
to rinse loose dirt from particles of gold
|
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Mexicans
|
Americans learned cattle ranching from this group
|
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Abilene
|
Joseph McCoy established his first "cow town" for receiving cattle
near rail lines
|
| Chisholm |
trail that connected San Antonio to cow towns in the north
|
|
long drive
|
herding of thousands of cattle to railway centers
|
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Goodnight-Loving Trail
|
trail from San Antonio to Cheyenne, Wyoming
|
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homesteaders
|
People who farmed with claims from the Homestead Act
|
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soddie
|
a home that has sod for its walls and roof
|
|
dry farming
|
farmers did this for water conservation
|
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bonanza farms
|
farms raising large quantities of cash crops
|
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Turner thesis
|
Historian's idea that the frontier played a key role in shaping
American character
|
|
Nat Love
|
Famous African American cowboy
|
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Monetary policy
|
government's plan for the quantity of the nation's money supply
|
|
Bland-Allison Act
|
required the government to purchase and coin more silver
|
|
Sherman Silver Purchase Act
|
required the government to increase the amount of silver it
purchased every month
|
|
Grange
|
organization that pressured lawmakers to regulate businesses that
farmers depended on
|
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Interstate Commerce Act
|
regulated railroad shipping between states
|
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Populists
|
party formed by farmers that demanded changes in economic and social
politics
|
|
Cross of Gold Speech
|
Willaim Jennings Bryan said: "You shall not press down upon the brow
of labor this crown of thorns. You shall not crucify mankind upon a
cross of gold!"
|