ID TERMS for Chapter 4

(Who, what, why, where, significance)

Civil War

First Battle of Bull Run

casualty

war of attrition

shell

canister

Battle of Shiloh

Battle of Antietam

draft

recognition

greenback

Copperhead

martial law

writ of habeas corpus

Emancipation Proclamation

contraband

Battle of Fredericksburg

Battle of Chancellorsville

Battle of Gettysburg

Pickett's Charge

siege

Gettysburg Address

Battle of the Wilderness

Battle of Spotsylvania

Battle of Cold Harbor

Thirteenth Amendment

guerilla

CIVIL WAR Vocabulary

1.    Abolitionist A person who believed in the abolishment or abolition of Negro slavery.

2.    Artillery Large, powerful weapons such as cannon and mortars.

3.    Assassination The murder of a prominent person such as President Lincoln.

4.    Battery A unit of four or six cannons, or a fortified position on which they are placed,

5.    Battle Large-scale combat between two armed forces (skir­mishes and engagements are smaller scaled and briefer).

6.    Blockade The closing off, using naval forces, of a city or other area to traffic and communication.

7.    Border state Slave-owning states that did not secede from the Union: Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri.

8.    Cartridge box A leather box in which the soldier carried his rounds or bullets.

9.    Casualty A person killed, wounded, captured, or missing during the war.

10.  Cavalry Soldiers mounted on horseback fighting as a unit.

11.       Chloroform The liquid drug used to anesthetize (put to sleep) wounded soldiers

                               in the war.

12.    Confederacy or CSA The alliance of 11 Southern states to form the Confederate States of America.

13.    Contraband Goods illegally traded during wartime. Slaves were sometimes called contraband during the war.

14.    Copperhead A Northern Democrat who agreed with Southern secession and clamored for peace during the war.

15.    Deploy To spread out armies to create a battle line.

16.    Desertion To leave one's military post, onto run awayfrom battle, often punishable by death.

17.    Dixie Slang term for the Confederacy, also a popular Southern song.

18. Draft or conscription The selection of citizens for mandatory military service.

19.    Drill The process of instructing recruits howto march and practice the military arts as a unit.

20.    Dysentery An often fatal disease of the human intestines, usually caused by unsanitary conditions of military camps and battle sites.

21.    Envelopment An attack against the flanks of an enemy's army, in hopes of eventually encircling it.

22.   Emancipation The formal release of slaves from bondage, as it happened in January 1863.

23.    Flanks The sides of an army's line in battle. A flanking movement is attacking the sides.

24.   Forage The search for food by soldiers often at the expense of farmers in a battle area.

25.  Greenback Paper money used during the Civil War in the North.

26.  Hardtack A quarter-inch or half-inch thick hard cracker eaten by Civil War

                       Soldiers. Also known as biscuits, crackers, and army bread.

27.   Haversack Cloth bag used by soldiers to carry rations and food.

28.     Infantry         Foot soldiers marching and fighting together. The vast majority of Civil  War soldiers were infantry.

29.   Ironclad A ship covered with iron plates and used in the Civil War, as in the famous Merrimac vs. Monitor first-ever naval battle between ironclads in 1862. The ironclad ships revolutionized naval warfare.

30.     Rank Military leadership in order of importance and decision­making responsibilities usually prioritized from the Commander­in-Chief (president), General of the Army, Lt. General, Major General, Brigadier General, Colonel, Major, Captain, Lieutenant, 1 st Sergeant, Sergeant, Corporal, Private.

31.   Rations Military term for food.

32.  Rebel or Confederate, Butternut, Grayback, Johnny Reb or Reb A slang term for a soldier fighting for the South.

33.   Union The collection of 23 Northern states which fought the rebellious Confederacy during the Civil War. Also called The United States of America.

34.   YankeeThe Blue, Federals, o rBilly Yank Term for soldier who fought for the Union.